We reviewed articles in the PubMed database which describe the results and outcome of a repeat midurethral synthetic sling (MUS), known as tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), or transobturator tape/tension-free vaginal tape obturator for prior MUS failure in patients who presented with persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We combined or separated the keywords “TVT,” “failure,” “repeat TVT,” and “recurrent/persistent SUI.” The search was limited by publication data from 2000 to 2010, humans, female, and English text. A repeat TVT procedure treating prior TVT failure showed success rates ranging from 70% to 90%. The outcomes showed no significant differences between a repeat retropubic route or transobturator route. A repeat MUS procedure for persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence is a reliable option for patients with prior MUS failure.